What are the differences between normal wear and abnormal wear of cutting tools?

Tools in the production process will encounter a variety of problems, the master of mechanical processing often asked, “why can’t I use this cutter for so little time?”

Under the condition of high temperature, the tool will be gradually worn and damaged by the chip friction of the workpiece. But how can we distinguish the normal wear from the abnormal wear?

Normal wear and tear

Normal wear refers to the wear pattern that gradually expands with the increase of wear over time. There are two aspects that are clearly indicated as normal wear.

Front wear: there is crescent depression wear at the front edge of the blade, which is formed by friction and high-temperature and high-pressure action during chip outflow.
Main rear wear: the main rear wear is divided into three areas. It is assumed that blade tip wear C zone, and wear loss VC is caused by low strength and concentrated temperature near the blade tip. In the intermediate wear area B, except for uniform wear amount VB, the maximum wear amount in the severe wear area is VBmax, which is caused by friction and heat dissipation difference. The boundary wear N zone, where the cutting edge and the surface to be processed wear VN, is caused by high temperature oxidation and surface hardening.

Abnormal wear

Abnormal wear is usually caused by tool damage caused by impact, uneven heating and improper use during cutting.

Crushing: small crushing on the cutting edge is caused by low cutting edge strength, impact and hard points in cutting layer.
Cutting edge: it is easy to crack at the cutting point or cutting point, with brittle cutting material, low cutting strength and heavy cutting load.
Thermal cracking: small cracks in the vertical cutting edge are caused by uneven cutting temperature, discontinuous cutting and uneven pouring of cutting fluid.
Collapse: in the process of cutting, the cutting edge lost its cutting performance under the action of high temperature and high pressure, resulting in the collapse of the front or tip and cutting edge.

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Introduction to the hole cutting tools which commonly used in NC machining

Hole cutting tools used in NC machining are:

High speed rake angle oil hole twist drill;
Helical groove Centre Drill;
3 – flute Solid Carbide Drill;
S-type carbide drill bit;
Indexable carbide bit;
Carbide double edge boring tool;
Carbide single edge fine boring tool

In addition, some special industries of NC machining have their own often used hole tool. Such as the printed circuit board industry micro-cemented carbide integrated drill, refrigerator compressor industry integrated cemented carbide precision reamer and step twist drill.

Compared with the tools used in ordinary machine tools, CNC tools have many different requirements, mainly with the following characteristics:

(1) good rigidity (especially rough tool), high precision, low seismic and thermal deformation; Good interchangeability, easy to change tools quickly;

(2) high life, stable and reliable cutting performance;

(3) the size of the tool is easy to adjust, so as to reduce the adjustment time of tool changing;

(4) the tool should be able to reliably break the scrap or roll the scrap, so as to facilitate the scrap removal;

(5) serialization and standardization to facilitate programming and tool management.

When your tool is blunt, choosing to use a tool grinder can be very useful. Our drill bit grinder can repair all kinds of tools (drill bit re-sharpener, end mill re-sharpener, screw tap re-sharpener, lathe tool grinder, saw blade sharpener, universal(all-purpose) cutter grinder, universal(all-purpose) tool grinder, chamfer, air tapping machine, gear chamfering machine, universal(all-purpose) head, rotary table, etc. ). If you want to buy our products, please send us your requirements and cutter parameters first. We will help you choose the corresponding model.

Understanding Drill and Bits and Precautions to Take

Drilling is an essential part of civilized life and it is an activity we simply cannot do without. It is thus essential to understand how to drill correctly in the right place. This will ensure that we avoid complications that may arise as a result of wrong drilling as well as ensuring that we do not damage our tools and the materials we are working with. Besides ensuring that we do not incur losses from choosing the wrong drilling techniques, safety is also considered as a benefit of understanding drills and bits.

Drill bit Materials and Steels

Drilling can be done to any material and thus, the question that you should concern yourself with when choosing a bit is the material you are drilling. Almost any bit can be chosen to drill a soft material; however, the same cannot be said of brittle and hard things such as acrylic and glass which often need one to choose specifically-designed bits. Bits also differ from each other further in that they are designed differently. Some are designed to cut rough holes while others tend to lean more on clean holes as well as prioritizing accuracy and finishing. Choosing the best drilling tools to go hand in hand with your chosen bit is perhaps the last important decision you have to make before beginning to drill.

Before you begin drill bits, you should ensure that you avoid breaking a drill bit quickly by ensuring that the bit is fixed straight. This precaution can be carried out by running the drill but without drilling a hole. If the bit turns into a blurry cone or does not remain straight as it spins this would be an indicator that the bits is not straight and should thus be fixed again.

The design of most drill bits is that they spin clockwise but this is not much of a problem as a result of the presence of reversible hand drivers. You need to make sure that your shank bit will perfectly fit into the drill chuck. The shank bits are mostly either hexagon in shape or rounded. This makes the former better for drilling hard materials as they are hard to come off, while the latter is much more reliable. The speed of the drill is another thing that one needs to take into consideration especially when working on hard materials and using large bits. This demands that you practice to slow down when signs such as the presence of discolored chips and smoke become visible to you. However, most drills will not provide sufficient power when they slow down.

As a precaution, most tools you are dealing with require that you add just a little steady pressure instead of leaning in with your whole weight. If you find yourself doing the later and find that the tool is not doing most of the work by itself, then it means you are either using the wrong kind of bit to cut the material or the bit has become dull. While there is some exception of tools that do indeed demand pressure such as large forstner bits one should generally observe the above-stated precautions for other tools.

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